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Posted On: November 13, 2018

10 Common Causes of Roof Leaks and How to Fix Them

There are few things more annoying than a leaky roof, and unless you want to break out the drip bucket every time you get some rain, you’re going to want to fix the leak.

Acting fast is going to be your best bet to avoid any further damage. To help you out with those frustrating leaks, we’ve made a list of the 10 most common causes for roof leaks and advice on how to fix them.

Areas of Your Roof That Are Prone to Leaks

Roof leaks are a common issue for homeowners, and understanding the areas most susceptible to leaks can help you take proactive measures to protect your home. Here are some key areas where leaks are most likely to occur:

Roof Valleys

Roof valleys are the areas where two roof slopes meet, creating a V-shaped trough that allows water to flow down the roof. Because of their shape, valleys can accumulate debris, which can obstruct water flow and lead to leaks. Additionally, the flashing in roof valleys is often prone to wear and tear, making it a roof valley leaks very common.

Chimneys

Chimneys are another common source of roof leaks. The area where the chimney meets the roof is sealed with flashing, which can deteriorate over time. Cracks in the chimney itself or the mortar joints can also allow water to seep in. Regular inspections and maintenance of chimney flashing can help prevent leaks.

Skylights

Skylights provide natural light and ventilation, but they also create an opening in the roof that can be prone to leaks. Poor installation, damaged flashing, or cracks in the skylight itself can lead to water infiltration. Ensuring that skylights are properly installed and maintained is essential to prevent leaks.

Roof Vents

Roof vents are necessary for proper attic ventilation, but they can also be potential leak points. The flashing around vents can become damaged or deteriorate over time, leading to leaks. Regular inspection and maintenance of vent flashing are crucial to prevent water damage.

Gutters and Downspouts

While gutters and downspouts are not part of the roof itself, they play a critical role in directing water away from the roof and foundation. Clogged or damaged gutters can cause water to back up and seep under the roof shingles, leading to leaks. Keeping gutters clean and in good repair helps prevent roof leaks.

Roof Edges

The edges of your roof, including the eaves and the rakes, are exposed to the elements and can be prone to leaks. Wind-driven rain can force water under the shingles at the roof edges, leading to leaks. Proper installation of drip edge flashing and regular inspections can help protect these areas.

Dormers

Dormers are architectural features that project from the slope of the roof and typically include windows. The intersections where the dormer walls meet the roof can be prone to leaks, especially if the flashing is not properly installed or maintained. Sealing these joints correctly is essential to prevent water infiltration.

Old or Damaged Shingles

Over time, shingles can become brittle, cracked, or missing, creating openings for water to penetrate. Regular roof inspections can help identify and replace damaged shingles before they lead to leaks.

Ice Dams

In colder climates, ice dams can form at the roof’s edge, preventing melting snow from draining properly. This can cause water to back up under the shingles and into the attic, leading to leaks. Proper insulation and ventilation can help prevent ice dams and the associated leaks.

The Most Common Roof Leak Causes

Your Roof is Past its Prime

Sometimes the issue is as simple as your roof just being too old. Roofs only last for so long. For example, asphalt shingles only last 15 to 20 years before they need to be replaced. Throughout its lifespan, roofing materials get battered by storms and wind and wear down, becoming less effective when it comes to keeping water out of your home. If this is the issue, it’s time to contact a roofing contractor to help get some new material for your roof to make it work like new once more.

How to Fix it:

Roof Vent Damage

Your roof vents are highly susceptible to damage and leaks during severe storms. If you have venting on your roof, check out the area of your roof surrounding the vent and see if it is dark or damp. This is a tell-tale sign that your venting is the issue.

You can typically solve this problem by sliding a new rubber “‘boot” under the vent. You may also need to replace the entire unit or at least replace the flashing around it. Vents and other roof components require extra sealing to ensure it is indeed watertight. Check the caulk, sealant, and flashing around it and replace those along with a new vent to 100% solve the issue.

How to Fix it:

  • Seal any cracks or holes with caulk and roof sealant
  • Replace the flashing around your vents
  • Replace the entire roof vent

residential roof leaking due to damaged roof vent

Valleys Aren’t Properly Sealed

The valley of your roof is the area where two planes of the roof meet. Because of the sloped nature of these valleys, if they are damaged or not properly constructed, rain running down the valley will likely trickle into your home. In terms of fixing this issue, a professional will likely be needed to address the issue by laying a new leak barrier along the valley and shingling overtop.

How to Fix it:

  • Tarp the area if the leaks are extensive
  • Call a contractor to re-flash and re-shingle your valleys

Debris Buildup

If there was a recent storm and you haven’t had the chance to clean any branches, twigs, or leaves off your roof, the debris can build up water and trap it against the roof, making it more likely to slip through any small cracks in your roof. The solution for this one is simple, which is to clean your roof when it gets filled with too much debris. Just make sure that you are taking the necessary safety precautions when you’re on your roof.

How to Fix it:

  • Blow off debris using a leaf blower or power washer
  • Trim trees that overhang your roof

residential house with roof leak due to storm

Flashing Needs Replacement

Flashing is placed where the roof joins a dormer and where the chimney attaches to the roof. In fact, any place where your roof meets a wall, valley, or another angle, requires well-installed flashing. Flashing sections may slide out of place if nails are missing, and caulk can also dry and crack from the wear and tear of weather.

Similar to the vent problem, you can solve the flashing issue by swapping old material out for newer ones. Flashing should last about 30 years or more depending on the condition and material of your roof. It’s your roof’s biggest line of defense against leaks in those areas, so checking that regularly can help prevent future leaks.

How to Fix it:

  • Replace the flashing yourself, or call a professional

Ridge Cap Leaks

The opposite of your valley is the ridge, which is the peak where two panels meet. When your roof is installed, it should include folding over both sides of the ridge with your underlayment and felt paper. Then, shingles are installed horizontally on the ridge. Extra-long nails need to be used to ensure those shingles are secured through all of the layers. If the shingles were improperly installed on the ridge cap, it could lead to loose nails and shingles that can easily cause leaks.

If this is the issue, a contractor will likely have to be called because when it comes to ridge cap leaks, the problem usually occurred during the roof’s construction. If a leak on your ridge cap happens early in your roof’s lifespan, you should be able to get some coverage through a workmanship warranty if you had one when your roof was installed.

How to Fix it:

  • If the leak is severe, tarp the roof immediately
  • Call your local contractor to repair or replace the ridge cap shingles

Gutter Backup

leaking asphalt roof with clogged gutters

Your gutter works as part of your entire roofing system. And when it isn’t working properly because it’s clogged with leaves and debris, it can affect your roof. The longer water sits in your gutters at the roof edge, the easier it can seep inside your home, causing immense water damage.

To remedy this, you need to clean out your gutters and consider installing some gutter guards to keep pesky debris out. Regularly cleaning your roof can also help keep debris out of your gutters, and ensuring you have a drip edge installed will help protect against any future gutter backups.

How to Fix it:

  • Clean out your gutters and downspouts
  • Keep your roof and gutters clean
  • Purchase and install gutter guards

Untreated Holes

While this may be an obvious one to avoid, sometimes holes left from T.V. antennas or similar objects can be the problem. Ensure that if you are ever having something removed from your roof, the area is properly sealed. This includes vents, boots, chimneys, etc. You can temporarily seal any holes in your roof using caulk, but you should call a contractor to fully remedy the situation.

How to Fix it:

  • Caulk any holes you find in the attic
  • Patch holes in your attic with wood and sealant
  • Replace any damaged shingles near the hole

Ice Dam Buildup

roof leak caused by ice dam buildup

Ice dams occur when ice forms at the edge of your roof, causing a block for any melting snow or ice to shed. If you’re getting leaks in the winter, it’s likely due to ice dams. Ice dams are also caused when your roof/attic has poor insulation. Heat is escaping so it can’t melt the ice on your roof. Not only does the water sitting behind the ice dam cause damage, but that immense weight on your roof’s edge can damage gutters, shingles, and your drip edge.

You may think that busting up the ice dam or attempting to rake the snow off your roof yourself is a good option. But this can be very dangerous and cause further damage leading to you needing to call a contractor anyways. So, your best option is to have a contractor like Northface Construction come and remove the ice dams for you. We can do it safely using heat to melt the ice away.

How to Fix it:

  • Re-insulate your attic
  • Call for ice and snow removal services

Condensation in Your Attic

A leak is most likely coming from your attic if the attic space shows signs of mold or mildew growth. A strong, musty odor emanating from the attic is also a key that water has gotten inside. You may also notice water stains or discoloration on your ceiling as a sign of a roof leak or attic condensation.

If you find mold or mildew near the leak, then it may be coming from your attic. This means that there is too much condensation build-up above you. To treat the issue, get rid of the mold growth and ensure your attic is well insulated. Installing a ventilation fan can also help. Placing a dehumidifier in the attic can get rid of any remaining moisture and condensation.

How to Fix it:

  • Re-insulate your attic
  • Use a dehumidifier in the attic
  • Remove any mold or mildew growth safely
  • Install ventilation fan
  • Get your roof inspected

Why You Should Tarp Your Roof and How

Tarping your roof is a crucial temporary measure to protect your home from further damage after a storm, leak, or any other roof damage. When your roof is compromised, it’s vulnerable to water intrusion, which can lead to extensive and costly repairs. Tarping provides a quick solution to prevent rain, debris, and pests from entering your home, helping to preserve your interior and structural integrity until permanent repairs can be made.

Steps to Tarp Your Roof:

  • Safety First: Ensure you have a sturdy ladder and non-slip shoes. Avoid tarping during adverse weather conditions.
  • Assess the Damage: Identify the areas that need coverage. Measure the damaged section to determine the size of the tarp required.
  • Gather Supplies: You’ll need a high-quality, waterproof tarp, nails or screws with washers, and a staple gun. Ensure the tarp is large enough to extend several feet beyond the damaged area.
  • Place the Tarp: Starting at the peak of the roof, unroll the tarp over the damaged area, ensuring it extends over the roof’s edges.
  • Secure the Tarp: Use nails or screws with washers to fasten the tarp along the edges, and staple it down for added security. Make sure the tarp is tight and smooth to prevent wind from getting underneath.

Tarping is a stopgap measure, but it can be vital in protecting your home and buying you time to arrange for professional repairs.

How to Seal a Roof Leak

Sealing a roof leak is a crucial step in protecting your home from water damage. Here’s a simple guide to help you address minor leaks and prevent further issues:

  • Identify the Leak Source: Begin by inspecting your attic during a rainstorm to locate the source of the leak. Look for water stains, damp spots, or mold growth. If the leak isn’t visible, use a hose to simulate rain and trace the water flow.
  • Prepare the Area: Once you’ve identified the leak, clear any debris around the area. Ensure the surface is clean and dry, as this will help the sealant adhere better. Use a wire brush to remove dirt, old sealant, and loose materials.
  • Apply Roofing Cement: For small leaks, roofing cement can be an effective solution. Using a trowel, apply the cement generously over the leak area. Spread it evenly to cover the hole and surrounding area. Ensure you press it firmly into any cracks or gaps.
  • Use Roof Patch: For larger leaks or damaged shingles, a roof patch might be necessary. Apply roofing cement around the damaged area, then place a patch of roofing fabric or a piece of shingle over it. Press firmly and cover with another layer of cement to seal it thoroughly.
  • Seal Flashing and Joints: Leaks often occur around flashing and roof joints. Apply a high-quality sealant to these areas, ensuring a watertight seal. Use a caulking gun to apply the sealant smoothly and evenly.
  • Inspect and Maintain: After sealing the leak, inspect the area periodically to ensure the seal remains intact. Regular maintenance and prompt attention to new leaks will help extend the life of your roof.

By following these steps, you can effectively seal minor roof leaks and protect your home from potential water damage. For significant leaks or persistent issues, it’s advisable to seek professional assistance.

Need Some Assistance With a Your Roof Repair?

At Northface Construction, we’ve seen it all when it comes to roof repair. No matter what the issue is, we’ll help you identify the cause and the solution for making your roof functional once again. We won’t nickel and dime you for unwanted repairs, but we’ll fix what needs to be done, and we’ll do the job right. If your roof has been affected by a storm, contact Northface Construction for a free estimate!

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